Tugas 1 Softskill ( Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 )

Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense is formed using the following structure:

Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle

Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participle

Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle

Affirmative Sentences

Subject	Have	Past Participle	Rest of the Sentence
I	have	studied	for the exam.
You	have	bought	a new computer.
He	has	eaten	my chocolate.
She	has	written	an e-mail.
It	has	been	cold this month.
We	have	won	the championship.
You	have	tried	to learn a lot.
They	have	forgotten	my birthday.

Contractions

The contracted form of the perfect tense is quite common:

Have	Contraction	Examples
I have	I've	I've spent all my money.
You have	You've	You've worn that dress before.
He has	He's	He's slept all morning.
She has	She's	She's lost her purse.
It has	It's	It's fallen off the wall.
We have	We've	We've chosen you for the job.
You have	You've	You've begun to annoy me.
They have	They've	They've drunk too much.

We use contractions a lot when we are speaking.

Negative Sentences

The contraction of the perfect tense in negative form is:
Have not = Haven't
Has not = Hasn't

Subject	Have	Past Participle	Rest of the Sentence
I	haven't	studied	for the exam.
You	haven't	bought	a new computer.
He	hasn't	eaten	my chocolate.
She	hasn't	written	an e-mail.
It	hasn't	been	cold this month.
We	haven't	won	the championship.
You	haven't	tried	to learn a lot.
They	haven't	forgotten	my birthday.

Questions

Have	Subject	Past Participle	Rest of the Sentence
Have	I	been	chosen for the team?
Have	you	bought	a new car?
Has	he	eaten	my sandwich?
Has	she	written	the letter?
Has	it	started	on time?
Have	we	won	a trophy?
Have	you	kept	my secret?
Have	they	driven	there?

SUMBER :

http://www.grammar.cl/Present/Perfect_Tense.htm

Tulisan Softskill ( Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1 )

 Tulisan 1

  Fishing With Casting Technique

Casting techniques , namely fishing with artificial bait throwing techniques ( fake bait ) or in English often called " artificial lure " , after being thrown and then withdrawn so that the bait moving and raises its own style ( action ) that attract fish to grab it . Simply put , throwing fishing techniques rolls . This casting technique can be applied in the pond , ponds , streams , ponds or estuaries, coastal dunes , coral cliffs , sea , and others.

Here we provide a simple overview of the preparation of fishing with fishing casting technique is , of course, has been much written about both other websites , or in the forums permancingan more clear and detailed explanation , here we only give a simple overview .
The things that need to be prepared to start fishing casting techniques include:

Joran / ROD :
Rod used for casting fishing in the rivers , or ponds usually use 150-210 cm -long rod , regular sized 10-20 lbs is more than enough ( unless the monster -sized targets , 2 kilos up , so lets use fishing rod with a rating line 30 lbs or more) , for which broad areas such as estuaries or coastal ( sea ) , usually 180 - 300cm long rod would be more effective , because it requires a distance lokasi2 throw that away .

reel :
Could use a spinning or baitcasting reel , for casting in areas such as streams , ponds , ponds , Reel used usually go using size 1000-4000 ( reel greater , the greater the weight the greater line capacity reel anyway ) , with this measure than does not require strings / thread is so long , with the size of the reel device will feel light and balanced with jorannya . Recommended for marine use reel size 3000 and above ( standard size shimano ) .

String / yarn:
The string or yarn that is widely used for casting in ponds , rivers , ponds , and other freshwater usually 0:23 - 0.35mm diameter to monofilament and braided yarn or PE to be able to use size 15-20 lbs , braided yarn often refer also to PE 1 , PE PE 1.5 or 2 ( 1 = 10 lbs PE , PE 2 = 20 lbs , etc. ) with their respective strengths . This selection depends on the ability of anglers bag , there is no limit ideal , monggo up , but if there is more able to use the funds that PE yarn certainly smaller but greater strength than using strings , when bait is also more "smooth " . casting in salt water is also almost the same , mono okay , PE yes , stay adapted to the target area and fish .

Leader :
in fishing casting techniques , especially for those who use the PE thread , also needed a leader to set the threshold of PE yarn tied around the fake bait . The leader functions as a PE when casting directors , as shock absorbers when you strike because it does not have a PE thread the elastic properties that have installed leader elastic function , and if the result of inducement will be appointed , on leaderlah we hold to lift it . therefore indispensable leader . For length , depending on the preference of the angler himself .

feed :
In casting this bait fishing technique used is fake bait ( lure ) , this is a fake bait lures are made similar to the shape of fish and other animal shapes commonly eaten fish , with an assortment of colors . This type of fake baits also vary, some are calling minow , mini popper , spoon , stickbait , pencil temple , crankbait , froggie , etc. , according to the form of each . This is no fake baits intended on the surface ( top water lure ) or anyone in the water depth ( sinking ) , for example, feed on the surface of the mini poppers , stickbait , and pencil frogi the temple as well as artificial lures like frogs . commonly used measure ranging from 3 cm to 7 cm

Target Fish :
Actually a lot of fish that can be fished with this casting technique , namely fish , including predators , eating fellow fish in the pond that is the most fun targets pomfret , if the river is a favorite target fish hampala / trough ( Java ) , that of estuary / dock are favorite targets barracuda , cendro , GT etc small size .
Once everything is ready, we are looking for ponds or rivers casting technique to try this app , please monggo more fun to be able to try casting in pools containing used primarily pomfret , pomfret is very vicious tackle fake baits that we use . If we want to try the target hampala ( trough ) can look at the big rivers but surely strike levels are much smaller and more difficult to fish . or perhaps also in the reservoirs .



Tulisan 2

Benefits Of Drinking Water

Here I want to share the experience and give a little simple tips . I used to have a problem when taking a shower at 6 am the following morning , my problem is when I finished showering definitely will experience sudden cold with sneezing . Especially when the middle and high school I always get a schedule of morning .
When entering high school when I was an introductory one in my high school teacher gave tips to the body feel more fit while in the morning , which is when you wake up drink one or two glasses of water before bathing . And slowly I began to practice what my teachers say . Although it was initially difficult for me because before I used to drink cold water .
But because I practice it every day , after a long time I had become accustomed to drink water in the morning . And I feel that the effects on my body for the better , from then on I used to drink water ( not cold ) every day until now . And I already do not drink cold water again , because I drink water ( not cold ) better give a good effect for my body .
From little things like I mentioned above that we can learn one thing that it was not healthy for expensive and difficult , if we have the intention . Hopefully these simple tips above can be useful for all my friends who read it .


Tulisan 3

Love - Grief Up Public Transport

Here I want to tell you about the joys and sorrows I ride public transportation for approximately 2.5 years of college in Gunadarma Kalimalang. From the first time I lecture in gundar I was accustomed to ride public transportation because I have not dared to ride the bike all the way and because of parental factors also are not allowed.

when riding my bike time from home to college was only 30 minutes, whereas if you ride public transportation from home to the campus could ever even 1 hour to 2 hours. Moreover, I have 3 times to ride public transportation and public transportation was always stop long transport if the driver has not fully do not want the road. Sometimes when it's your time "and public transport not the way I was forced to ride motorcycles as well as pursuing time I'll not be late come to campus.

My joy ride public transportation, then I can while I am still sleepy sleep. hehe ...
but yeay of love, grief that I learned to be grateful for it, even though every I have to leave campus to 1-1.5 hours earlier than the time I entered college.


Tulisan 4

  Causes of Corruption in the DPR

Chairman of the Regional Representatives Council (DPD) Irman Gusman said the rampant corruption that afflicts members of the House of Representatives as a result of too much authority acquired the House.
In fact, not half-hearted, Irma refer to members of the House of Representatives since ancient times often do not work with seriously.

"So it's not like the House DPD. Parliament itukan of 67 years, for 34 years the House itukan D4. D4 Know? Sit diem money came, it was exceptional," said Irma in the parliament complex, Jakarta, Thursday (27/12).
It happened, obviously Irma, a result of the authority of Parliament who has been truly extraordinary absolute.

"Because of all, imagine the placement of a foreign ambassador had to be approval of Parliament, the executive domain itukan already, a lot of things. Then there is the power tends to corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely," he added.

Therefore , he hoped , by 2014 the existing inter- agency system improvements in order to avoid chaotic as the current authority .
" Our hope before 2014 , we can fix our constitutional system so that anyone who leads the state agency later we leave to a better system . Otherwise , no matter how great the president , chairman of the Council , the Parliament which will come with a system like this would happen instability as well , or does not happen maximization of our bureaucracy , " he concluded .
It was sad to see the news in the media about the cases that hit the parliamentarians present , especially corruption . They should have as members representatives of the people can hold the mandate and responsibility , instead of taking something that is not qualified . Her name also means the House of Representatives right they are not representative of the people of Indonesia representative for itself . And for the government should be more firm in punishing the corruptors it .  


Tulisan 5

ETHICS OF WRITING ON THE INTERNET

In the writing of the internet we are required to comply with all regulations set tealah . Many ways that can be used in issuing the opinion , one of them with writing . Currently widely used in reporting over the internet . But many aspects are yet diketahu someone , especially regarding ethics in writing via the internet . Ethics write on the internet are those of each person about the manner or manners in cyberspace wrote . The virtual world has rules and manners that everyone should understand . Many of us have encountered a person who writes without using rules or proper manners , send an email using , publishing electronic documents such as images , videos and writings in the form of another without proper attention to the code of ethics . As someone who frequently use the Internet for day-to- day keperluaan should we read electronic transaction laws that have been passed in the year 2008 . We can directly read chapter VII governing prohibited deeds are forbidden are as follows : 1 . Transmit and distribute electronic documents that are pornography , gambling , and sta defame , threaten , lie and misleading , offensive and scare . So send an email to someone who could be charged with threatening forbidden article concerning the threat . 2 . Intentionally accessing a computer without the right of another person with the purpose of obtaining information or documents electronically , by intentionally doing burglary , breach and exceeded the electronic security system . So accessing someone else's computer without ijinpun be taken to court . 3 . Conduct wiretapping of electronic information or electronic documents . Who likes to use key logging program caught in the act . 4 . Perform acts that lead to the disruption of electronic systems . Doing spam to make a website does not work can be categorized in this act . 5 . Without the right to perform multiplication , distribute or produce something that is used to support the purposes of the prohibited acts mentioned above . So for example, a programmer who knowingly makes a routine to break the bank security system may be subject to penalty ( except for purposes of research , testing the security system of the bank and the bank is assigned the programmer ) . 6 . Manipulate , alter , damage mengilangkan with the aim of making an electronic information or electronic documents as authentic . Suppose we manipulate the contents of our transcripts and send it as a requirement for applying for scholarships is included in this category . Especially who knowingly makes a program to forge an electronic signature ( electronic signature is not a scanned signature , but a key is used to authenticate a person or institution ).

Tugas Softskill 3 ( Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1 )

 Assignmment 3

1. ) Memo




    Engineering Physics
University of Wisconsin September 23, 1997


To: From: Subject:
    Professor Michael Alley Cindy Reese CTR
Request to Research How Credit Was Awarded for the Discovery of Nuclear Fission


    For my EPD 397 project, please grant me permission to study the way in which credit has been awarded for the discovery of nuclear fission. Although Otto Hahn received the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery, several people assert that Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassman should have also received credit. In my research, I will attempt to discern how credit should have been bestowed.
    This topic meets the criteria for a successful topic in this course. First, I am interested in the topic. As a nuclear engineering student, I realize that the discovery of nuclear fission was perhaps the single most important discovery this century in my field. As a woman scientist, I am also deeply interested in the successes and challenges faced by other women scientists. A second way in which this topic meets the criteria is that it can be quickly researched. A computer search in the library has revealed many sources available on this topic. Attached to this memo is a summary of one such source, Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics by Ruth Sime.
    This topic also meets the third criterion for a successful topic in this course, namely, that it be technical. The fission of a uranium nuclear involves an understanding of both chemistry and physics principles. By focussing on this single discovery, I believe that I can achieve the fourth crierion for a successful topic: the achievement of depth. Finally, because the library system at the University of Wisconsin offers such a wide array of possible sources, including papers in German, and because many of these sources have been written for audiences more technical than my intended audience, I believe that I can create a project that is unique.
    If you have any suggestions for modifying this topic, please let me know. With your permission, I will continue researching.
    Attachment.




Sumber: http://www.writing.engr.psu.edu/workbooks/samplememo.html
            http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-bahasa.html
            www.dayjob.com/.../letter-of-inquiry--317.htm‎
            qyki.blogspot.com/2010/04/example-complaint-letter.html
            www.englet.com/order‎ 



 2.)  A). Definition of English Business
Business means buying and selling, and English is the name of our mother tongue. Business English is obviously such English as is used in mercantile transactions. Our definition is quickly made.
B). Type of English Letter
Making An Inquiry
Make an inquiry when you are requesting more information about a product or service. This type of business letter tends to include specific information such as product type, as well as asking for further details in the form of brochures, catalogs, telephone contact, etc. Making inquiries can also help you keep up on your competition. Use this letter template to ensure you receive a prompt reply.
Sales Letters
Sales Letters are used to introduce new products to new customers and past clients. It's important to outline an important problem that needs to be solved and provide the solution in sales letters. This example letter provides an outline, as well as important phrases to use when sending out a wide variety of sales letters. Sales letters can be improved through the use of personalization in some means in order to ensure attention.
Replying to an Inquiry
Replying to inquiries are one of the most important business letters that you write. Successfully replying to an inquiry can help you complete a sale or lead to new sales. Customers who make inquiries are interested in specific information, and are excellent business prospects. Learn how to thank the customers, provide as much information as possible, as well as make a call to action for a positive outcome.

2.    Parts of Letter
1.Date
The date line is used to indicate the date the letter was written. However, if your letter is completed over a number of days, use the date it was finished in the date line. Write out the month, day and year two inches from the top of the page.

2.Salutation
Also called the Greeting. Use the same name as the inside address, including the personal title. If you know the person and typically address them by their first name, it is acceptable to use only the first name in the salutation (for example: Dear Lucy:). In all other cases, however, use the personal title and full name followed by a colon. Leave one line blank after the salutation.

3.Body
The body is written as text. A business letter is never hand written. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.

4.Conclusion
The conlclusion summarizes the body of the letter. Most formal letters have a conclusion, while some informal letter usually doesn't have a conclusion.

5.Closing
The closing begins at the same horizontal point as your date and one line after the last body paragraph. Capitalize the first word only (for example: Thank you) and leave four lines between the closing and the sender's name for a signature. If a colon follows the salutation, a comma should follow the closing; otherwise, there is no punctuation after the closing.

6.Signature
Type or print your name. The handwritten signature goes above this line and below the close. The signature line and the handwritten signature are indented to the same column as the close. The signature should be written in blue or black ink. If the letter is quite informal, you may omit the signature line as long as you sign the letter.

3.    Styles of Business Letter
 - Modifed Block Style
 - Block Style
 - Semiblock Style


 Sumber:
http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000150.htm
             
http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/aisa/level-b/basic-parts-of-a-letter/

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1 ( Tugas Ke - 2 )

1. Inquiry Letter

Most jobs are not advertised in the press. Meaning that if you contact a company asking if they have any jobs and they happen to be recruiting at that time then you have a major advantage over other candidates. A letter of inquiry is a excellent way of uncovering hidden jobs. Other advantages of writing these letters are: You will make contact with and come to the notice of hiring managers and can build relationships with them. Discover leads for possible new jobs in the near future. Be kept on file by the company for any future vacancies. Writing a letter of inquiry: Give a brief statement of how you can benefit their company. At the end of the letter request an opportunity for a phone call or meeting. In case you are invited for a interview, always retain a copy of the letter you have sent. These can be useful to refer to. Always end the letter on a high note. Remember to follow up any correspondence with a respectful phone call to confirm they have received your letter of inquiry.  Letter of inquiry example: Davidsons Furniture Sales 123 Addison Road Derby DE2 1AA Date: 23rd July 2010 Ref: Sales Person Vacancy Dear Sir / Madam I am a highly successful and experienced sales executive and am writing to inquire if you have any openings at your company for which I might apply. I am currently working for Birmingham Kitchen Retailers as a sale executive. My duties include cold calling, chasing up leads, meeting potential clients and closing sales. I have a very successful track record in all of these fields. I have enclosed my CV with this enquiry letter, if after reviewing it you feel there may be a position in your company for me then please do not hesitate to contact me. I look forward very much to an opportunity to discuss my related work experience and explain in more detail how I can contribute to the continued success of your company. Yours faithfully

2. Order Letter

An order letter is usually written when a company purchases or buys  or order goods or services from another party. Here is an Order Letter you  might need  when  you order goods and materials.  Do not forget to clearly state the exact name of the merchandise, the price, and the amount of payment being sent.

Personal Purchase Order Sample

154 Green Avenue Newyork, USA January 5, 2010 Ms. K. Hutchinson Beller Company, Inc. 424 Park Avenue New York, New York 10021 Dear Ms. Hutchinson : Thank you for sending your catalog so promptly. It arrived within a few days of my request. Please send me the following items by parcel post : 1 copy Emmet and Mullen, High School Algebra @ $7.50 $ 7.50 25 copies Pinehurst, Plane Geometry @ $8.75 $ 218.75 Total $ 226.25 I am enclosing a money order for 226.25. If there are additional charges, please let me know. Please mail the books to the address given above. Very truly yours, Brandon Michael (Adapted from Let’s Write English by George E. Wishon & Julia M. Burks)

                                                                                    

Company Purchase Order Sample

                                                            

Seven Siblings Limited 17 Sweet Road, West Bandung Tlp. 022-8765432 Post Code 41134 July 9, 2013 Purchase Order Toko Englet 11 Main Street San Fransisco, USA ZIP CODE 91234 Attention : Miss Kim Jackson Dear Miss Jackson : Please accept this purchase order for the following :  No.              Product  Quantity  Unit Price  Total  1  Single Brush Polisher Colombia 400  4  $ 3,000  $ 12,000  2  Extractor SX 144  4  $ 2,000  $  8,000  Total  $ 20,000 We require shipment by August 17, 2013 to : PT Pama No. 1 Jl. Cileungsi,  Bogor, Indonesia Post Code 40156 Please refer to this order as "purchase order # SS01234. Should you need more information, please contact me at 62-22-756756 at your earliest convenience or email me at siblings@seven.com. Sincerely, Dede Prana Purchasing Manager

3. Complaint Letter 

Example:

PT KURNIA
Jl. Mawar No.99
Jakarta 
INDONESIA


18th April 2010


PT SENTOSA
Jl. Kalimantan 123
Bogor
INDONESIA


Dear Sirs,

We regret to have to cormplain about late delivery of the
filing cabinets ordered on 2nd April 2010 We did not receive
them until this morning though you had guaranteed delivery within
a week. It was on this undirstanding that we placed the other.
unfortunately, there have been similar delays on several previous
occasions and their increasing frequency in recent months compels
us to say that business between us cannot be continued in
conditions such as these.
We have felt it is necessary to make our feelings khown
Since we cannot give reliable delivery dates to our customers
unless we count on undertaking given by our suppliers We hope
you will understand how we are placed that from now on we can
rely upon punctual completion of our orders.


Yours faithfully,

4. Aplication Letter

 April 2013

MS. PASSANA PONG
The Administrative Officer
The Royal Thai Embassy in Manila

Dear Ms. Pong:

I am a Communications graduate of the University of the Philippines-Diliman with several years of working experience gained from some of the Philippines’ reputable private firms, a non-governmental organization, and government.

I am writing to apply for the position of Executive Assistant advertised on jobstreet.com.ph on 10 May 2013. This position particularly interests me because it would enable me to make full use of my administrative and organizational skills. I have well-developed written and oral communication skills that can be very useful in carrying out the duties for the above-mentioned position.

On top of these competencies, I adhere to a work ethic and can effectively interact with people across all levels of the organizational structure. I believe I can be an asset to your organization.

My resume is enclosed with this cover letter. It shows my overall expertise and experience in the field. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my suitability for the position and comply with your other requirements. I can be contacted during working hours at (632) 857-0100 local 1101.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,
ADE IWAN
Applicant

5. Memo

Engineering Physics University of WisconsinSeptember 23, 1997

To: From:Subject:

Professor Michael Alley Cindy Reese CTR Request to Research How Credit Was Awarded for the Discovery of Nuclear Fission

For my EPD 397 project, please grant me permission to study the way in which credit has been awarded for the discovery of nuclear fission. Although Otto Hahn received the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery, several people assert that Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassman should have also received credit. In my research, I will attempt to discern how credit should have been bestowed. This topic meets the criteria for a successful topic in this course. First, I am interested in the topic. As a nuclear engineering student, I realize that the discovery of nuclear fission was perhaps the single most important discovery this century in my field. As a woman scientist, I am also deeply interested in the successes and challenges faced by other women scientists. A second way in which this topic meets the criteria is that it can be quickly researched. A computer search in the library has revealed many sources available on this topic. Attached to this memo is a summary of one such source, Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics by Ruth Sime. This topic also meets the third criterion for a successful topic in this course, namely, that it be technical. The fission of a uranium nuclear involves an understanding of both chemistry and physics principles. By focussing on this single discovery, I believe that I can achieve the fourth crierion for a successful topic: the achievement of depth. Finally, because the library system at the University of Wisconsin offers such a wide array of possible sources, including papers in German, and because many of these sources have been written for audiences more technical than my intended audience, I believe that I can create a project that is unique. If you have any suggestions for modifying this topic, please let me know. With your permission, I will continue researching. Attachment.

Sumber: http://www.writing.engr.psu.edu/workbooks/samplememo.html
            http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-bahasa.html
            www.dayjob.com/.../letter-of-inquiry--317.htm‎
            qyki.blogspot.com/2010/04/example-complaint-letter.html
            www.englet.com/order‎  

 TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 1
 1.     Find The definition of Business letter (theory) !
Business letters - theory
The term “business letters” refers to any written communication that begins with a salutation, ends with a signature and whose contents are professional in nature. There are many standard types of business letters, and each of them has a specific focus.
A business letter is usually a letter from one company to another, or between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter depends on the relationship between the parties concerned. Business letters can have many types of contents, for example to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to point out a mistake by the letter's recipient, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong, or to convey goodwill. A business letter is sometimes useful because it produces a permanent written record, and may be taken more seriously by the recipient than other forms of communication
Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046
          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_letter
2. Mention The types, The parts, The styles of Business letter !
·        The Types
Sales Letters
Typical sales letters start off with a very strong statement to capture the interest of the reader. Since the purpose is to get the reader to do something, these letters include strong calls to action, detail the benefit to the reader of taking the action and include information to help the reader to act, such as including a telephone number or website link.
Order Letters
Order letters are sent by consumers or businesses to a manufacturer, retailer or wholesaler to order goods or services. These letters must contain specific information such as model number, name of the product, the quantity desired and expected price. Payment is sometimes included with the letter.
Complaint Letters
The words and tone you choose to use in a letter complaining to a business may be the deciding factor on whether your complaint is satisfied. Be direct but tactful and always use a professional tone if you want the company to listen to you.
Adjustment Letters
An adjustment letter is normally sent in response to a claim or complaint. If the adjustment is in the customer’s favor, begin the letter with that news. If not, keep your tone factual and let the customer know that you understand the complaint.
Inquiry Letters
Inquiry letters ask a question or elicit information from the recipient. When composing this type of letter, keep it clear and succinct and list exactly what information you need. Be sure to include your contact information so that it is easy for the reader to respond.
Follow-Up Letter
Follow-up letters are usually sent after some type of initial communication. This could be a sales department thanking a customer for an order, a businessman reviewing the outcome of a meeting or a job seeker inquiring about the status of his application. In many cases, these letters are a combination thank-you note and sales letter.
Letters of Recommendation
Prospective employers often ask job applicants for letters of recommendation before they hire them. This type of letter is usually from a previous employer or professor, and it describes the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.
Acknowledgment Letters
Acknowledgment letters act as simple receipts. Businesses send them to let others know that they have received a prior communication, but action may or may not have taken place.
Cover Letter
Cover letters usually accompany a package, report or other merchandise. They are used to describe what is enclosed, why it is being sent and what the recipient should do with it, if there is any action that needs to be taken. These types of letters are generally very short and succinct.
Letters of Resignation
When an employee plans to leave his job, a letter of resignation is usually sent to his immediate manager giving him notice and letting him know when the last day of employment will be. In many cases, the employee also will detail his reason for leaving the company.
Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046
·        The Parts
-         The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.
-         Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005
(12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.
-         The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.
The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.
-         The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).
-         The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: orRe: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."
-         The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.
-         The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)
-         Signature and Writer’s identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.
-         Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.

   
      American Style
   
      British Style
       Heading
   
      According to the format but
 usually aligned to the left
   
      The heading is usually placed
 in the top right corner of the letter
 (sometimes centred)
       Date
   
      October 19, 2005 (month-day-  year)
 According to the format but  usually
 aligned to the left
 (two lines below the heading)
   
      19 October 2005 (day-month-year)
 Usually placed directly (or 1 blank  line)
 below the heading.
       Salutation
   
      Dear Mr./Ms. Syahru:
 Dear Sir or Madam:
 Gentlemen:
 After the salutation there is a colon  (:)
   
      Dear Mr./Ms. Syahru,
 Dear Sir or Madam,
 Dear Sirs,
 After the salutation there is a comma  (,)
       Complimentary close
   
      Sincerely,
 Sincerely yours,
 Yours truly,
   
      Sincerely,
 Yours sincerely,
 Yours faithfully,

Source : http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/business-letter-parts.html
·        The Types
Sales Letters
Typical sales letters start off with a very strong statement to capture the interest of the reader. Since the purpose is to get the reader to do something, these letters include strong calls to action, detail the benefit to the reader of taking the action and include information to help the reader to act, such as including a telephone number or website link.
Order Letters
Order letters are sent by consumers or businesses to a manufacturer, retailer or wholesaler to order goods or services. These letters must contain specific information such as model number, name of the product, the quantity desired and expected price. Payment is sometimes included with the letter.
Complaint Letters
The words and tone you choose to use in a letter complaining to a business may be the deciding factor on whether your complaint is satisfied. Be direct but tactful and always use a professional tone if you want the company to listen to you.
Adjustment Letters
An adjustment letter is normally sent in response to a claim or complaint. If the adjustment is in the customer’s favor, begin the letter with that news. If not, keep your tone factual and let the customer know that you understand the complaint.
Inquiry Letters
Inquiry letters ask a question or elicit information from the recipient. When composing this type of letter, keep it clear and succinct and list exactly what information you need. Be sure to include your contact information so that it is easy for the reader to respond.
Follow-Up Letter
Follow-up letters are usually sent after some type of initial communication. This could be a sales department thanking a customer for an order, a businessman reviewing the outcome of a meeting or a job seeker inquiring about the status of his application. In many cases, these letters are a combination thank-you note and sales letter.
Letters of Recommendation
Prospective employers often ask job applicants for letters of recommendation before they hire them. This type of letter is usually from a previous employer or professor, and it describes the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.
Acknowledgment Letters
Acknowledgment letters act as simple receipts. Businesses send them to let others know that they have received a prior communication, but action may or may not have taken place.
Cover Letter
Cover letters usually accompany a package, report or other merchandise. They are used to describe what is enclosed, why it is being sent and what the recipient should do with it, if there is any action that needs to be taken. These types of letters are generally very short and succinct.
Letters of Resignation
When an employee plans to leave his job, a letter of resignation is usually sent to his immediate manager giving him notice and letting him know when the last day of employment will be. In many cases, the employee also will detail his reason for leaving the company.
Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046
3. Give One example of Business letter !
Letter of Invitation
PJ Party
22 Yew Street, Cambridge, Ontario
Tel: 416-223-8900
April 7th, 20--
Dear Valued Customer:
Our records show that you have been a customer of PJ Party Inc. since our grand opening last year. We would like to thank you for your business by inviting you to our preferred customer Spring Extravaganza this Saturday.
Saturday's sales event is by invitation only. All of our stock, including pajamas and bedding will be marked down from 50-80% off.* Doors open at 9:00 AM sharp. Complimentary coffee and donuts will be served. Public admission will commence at noon.
In addition, please accept the enclosed $10 gift certificate to use with your purchase of $75 or more.
We look forward to seeing you at PJ's on Saturday. Please bring this invitation with you and present it at the door.
Sincerely,
Linda Lane
Linda Lane
Store Manager
pjpartyinc@shoponline.com
*All sales are final. No exchanges.
Enclosure: Gift Certificate #345 (not redeemable for cash)
Source : https://www.englishclub.com/business-english/correspondence-invitation.htm